SILICON CARBIDE POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT DEVICES

European Commission Project #: 604057


Department of Microelectronics CVUT and its Electron Device Group (EDG) has more than 30 year experience in the field of characterization of power devices and materials, lifetime and defects engineering, development of application-specific diagnostic methods, and calibration of simulation models including the effect of structural defects. Main contribution of CVUT to the SPEED project is a scientific expertise in the characterization of SiC material, epilayers, and device structures for voltages higher than 3kV. This includes electrical and optical characterization of SiC material and structures including development of specific diagnostic tools, development of methods for lifetime control in SiC epilayers and bipolar structures, calibration of appropriate simulation models and verification of device concepts. CVUT disposes several labs with research facilities for comprehensive diagnostics of electrical and optical properties of defects in semiconductors and their influence on device characteristics. Its laboratories allow complete electrical characterization of investigated SiC structures and advance defect diagnostics using DLTS, PL, FIR, AFM, etc. The diagnostics is supported by use of device simulation (SILVACO, Inc.).

CVUT participates to two work packages (WP) in the framework of the SPEED project: WP 1 (Advanced SiC Materials: Substrates and Epi) and WP3 (High-Voltage SiC Device & Packaging Technologies for Power Transmission Applications).

Within the WP1, CVUT participates together with ASCATRON, NORSTEL, FhG IISB, INAEL on Task 1.3 SiC Epitaxy for Bipolar Devices. This task focuses on the growth of n-type SiC layers with the desired properties (thick and low-doped layers with long carrier lifetime) and the growth of a highly doped p-anode layers on the top of them. The epilayer growth is performed by Ascatron and Norstel. CVUT participates namely in Sub-task 1.3.2. “Carrier lifetime enhancement technology”. This part of the project focuses on the increase of the carrier lifetime from current 2-3μsec to more than 10μsec. This is necessary for realization of efficient carrier injection and enabling conductivity modulation in bipolar devices. The lifetime killers in SiC are namely defects involving carbon vacancies, but also other defects, e.g., atoms of contaminants can play an important role. The carrier lifetime can be increased by proper control of epilayer growth, reducing the number of carbon vacancies employing process steps like high temperature thermal oxidation and/or carbon implantation with subsequent high temperature annealing. CVUT supports the development by its expertise in defect diagnostics (DLTS), electrical characterization (lifetime measurement) and device simulation. CVUT is also taking part in the Sub-task 1.3.4. “Production process of epitaxial material for very high voltage devices” which focuses on production of friendly process to cost effective manufacture the epitaxial wafer material for high voltage SiC devices. Again, CVUT provides the feedback to epitaxial wafer producer providing the analysis of material properties of produced wafers.

Within the WP3, CVUT collaborates with other SPEED partners (ABB CRC, CSIC-CNM, ASCATRON) on Task 3.1 Diodes (unipolar/bipolar) 3.3 to 10kV. There, novel JBS structures are being developed to meet the requirements of higher voltage applications (3.3, 6.5 and 10kV voltage class). The fabrication of these diodes is being shared between CNM, ABB and Ascatron. To evaluate the current status and also the potential of SiC bipolar technology, PiN diodes will also be designed and their performance evaluated. WP3 consists from several sub tasks: 3.1.1 Design diode active area for 3.3kV, 6.5kV and 10kV voltage classes; 3.1.2 Novel edge termination techniques; 3.1.3 PiN diodes. CVUT also collaborates on Task 3.4 Set-up of test and characterization techniques / characterization which is solved in parallel at ABB CRC, CSIC-CNM, ASCATRON, and INAEL. There, several sub‑tasks were or are being solved: Setting up and performing static tests up to 10kV (3.4.1 and 3.4.2), 3.4.3 Investigation of defect influence on SiC device characteristics and 3.4.4 Development of new methods for lifetime control for bipolar high-voltage SiC devices. The last two sub-task, which are solved at CVUT, deal with the detailed characterization of electrically active defects which are introduced during device fabrication or defects active as recombination centers which can be introduced artificially, e.g., by means of ion or electron irradiation.